Author Tommy Aso
In this blog, I am going to introduce 10 sentences and words that spread out around the world and describe the reason why these words spread out around the world. In this year, the world changes a lot dramatically because of the China virus pandemic, and various vogue words were born due to news and events. In this blog, I am going to introduce "Taliban" and explain the reason why "Taliban" is nominated as 10 vogue words in the World for 2021. I'd appreciate it if you have other words or sentences that spread out around the world, let me know with comments on SNS and Brogger.
I. Introduction and History of "Taliban"
The Taliban has been fighting against the Afghanistan government and allies in Afghanistan for 20 years. Afghan guerillas called the mujahideen that fought a Soviet occupation for nine years. They even obtained money and weapons from the CIA to beat the Soviet Union in the cold war. In 1989, the Soviets pulled out from Afghanistan. By 1992, there was a full-blown civil war with tribal leaders fighting for power. The Taliban emerged in 1994 in northern Pakistan following the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan to start getting attention. Many of the members studied conservative religious schools in Afghanistan and across the border in Pakistan and some of them also mujahideen. The predominantly Pashtun movement first appeared in religious seminaries which preached a hardline form of Sunni Islam.
The promise made by the Taliban was to restore peace and security and enforce their own austere version of Sharia, or Islamic law.
From South-Western Afghanistan, the Taliban quickly extended their influence. In September 1995, the Taliban took over the province of Herat and bordered Iran. One year later, the Taliban captured the Afghan capital and Kabul and overthrew the regime of President Burhanuddin Rabbani who is one of the founding fathers of the Afghan mujahideen that resisted the Soviet occupation. By 1996, the Taliban seized the capital in Afghanistan, declared that Afghanistan was an Islamic emirate, and began imposing their own strict interpretation of Islamic law. By 1998, the Taliban was under the control of almost 90% of Afghanistan.
Al-Qaeda occurred September 11 attacks in 2001. The US chased after Al-Qaeda's leader, Osama bin Laden who was hiding out in Afghanistan with the Taliban's help. The Taliban stated that they wanted proof to prove that he was behind the attack. When they refused to hand him over immediately, the US invaded Afghanistan. The Taliban were removed from power in Afghanistan by US-led forces once in 2001, but the Taliban seized control of the country once again following a rapid offensive.
In 2004, while Afghanistan obtained a new constitution and Hamid Karzai was elected as the Afghanistan president, the Taliban regrouped. Then, they wanted foreigners out and back in. More than 40,000 Afghan civilians were murdered by the Taliban. At least 64,000 Afghan military and police and more than 3,500 international soldiers were dead during the war in Afghanistan. The US spent almost a trillion dollars on the war and reconstruction projects. Recently, the Taliban has as many as 85,000 full-time soldiers and trains at camps across the country. Currently, the Taliban controls one-fifth of Afghan districts. On top of that, half of all districts are considered contested. Therefore, the Taliban have a strong presence in many of those places and control parts of some major highways.
They are also well organized. The leader of the Taliban is Haibatullah Akhundzada. He heads a council that oversees about a dozen commissions in charge of things like finance, health, and education. Below them are local officials in charge of everyday services. In a way, the Taliban set up a parallel state. They even run their own courts which can be pretty popular among Afghans. All that control also made them rich. According to Taliban members and a UN committee, they make close to 1.5 billion dollars a year by growing opium poppies and the drug trade, but they found even more ways to generate income. Last year, they made millions by mining and trading minerals and even producing methamphetamine. They also have their own tax-collection system and receive funding from abroad suspected sources like Pakistan and Iran.
Over the years, the International community tried to get the Taliban and the Afghan government to talk about talking. There was even a meeting at one point. During a brief Eid ceasefire in 2018, the Taliban and Afghan soldiers were seen mingling in Kabul and playing each other; however, peace negotiations did not achieve much overall.
The prospects for peace and stability are not looking great. Even while peace negotiations were going on, about 1,800 Afghan civilians were killed or injured in the first three months of this year. That was almost 30% more than last year. There was also a wave of assassination that people blame on the Taliban. According to a major public opinion study done in 2019, 85% of people said they had no sympathy for them.
This is the detail of the Introduction and History of the Taliban:
II. The Reason Why the Taliban is Nominated as "10 Vogue Words in the World for 2021".
The new US president, Joe Biden announced in April 2021 that all American forces leave Afghanistan by 11 September which was two decades after ever since the Al-Qaeda occurred the felling of the World Trade Center although there were grave concerns from Afghan officials over the Afghanistan government's vulnerability to the Taliban without international support.
2021 Taliban Offensive from May to July
The Taliban and allied militant groups began a widespread offensive on 1 May 2021 by capturing 15 districts from the Afghan government including Nirkh and Jalrez districts in Maidan Wardak Province when most US troops withdraw from Afghanistan. In June, the Taliban captured 69 districts from the Afghan government. They entered the cities of Kunduz and Puli Khumri and besieged Mazar-i-Sharif or Mazar. In July 2021, the US intelligence community concluded that the government of Afghanistan could collapse between 6 and 12 months after American soldiers leave Afghanistan. On July 10th, the Taliban captured Panjwayi District in Kandahar Province and surrounded the city of Ghazni in central Afghanistan. By July 12th, the Taliban conquered 148 districts from the Afghan government. On July 22th, 100 Afghan people were murdered in a mass shooting in Spin Boldak, Kandahar Province and the Taliban seized the district. In mid-2021, the Taliban led a major offensive in Afghanistan during the withdrawal of the US Armies from Afghanistan which gave them over half of Afghanistan's 421 districts until 23 July 2021. The Taliban made a peace promise to China together with a condition and took an assist from a country. On July 28th, a delegation from the Taliban met the Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi in Tianjin and Wang Yi explained together with a condition that the People's Republic of China supports the Taliban if the Taliban cut ties with the East Turkestan Islamic Movement to bring the Taliban back into the political mainstream and offered to host peace negotiations between the Afghan government and the Taliban. By July 31st, the Taliban entered the provincial capitals of both Helmand and Herat provinces and captured scores of districts in the provinces and border crossings with Iran and Turkmenistan.
This is the detail of the 2021 Taliban Offensive from May to July:
The Taliban's Load to Capture Kabul and Dominate Afghanistan on August
On August 3rd, 13 Afghan people including 5 attackers were killed in a Taliban bombing and shootout in Kabul. As of August 5th, 115 Afghan National Security soldiers and 58 Afghan citizens were killed during the clashes with the Taliban while the Ministry of Defence claimed to have murdered 3,197 Taliban members since the beginning of August. On August 7th, the Taliban seized Sheberghan where is making it the second capture of the provincial capital. On August 9th, the Taliban captured Aybak where is the capital of Samangan province. On August 11th, the Taliban seized Fayzadad of Badakhshan Province and became the 9th provincial capital. On August 14th, the Taliban seized 7 provincial capital cities including Gardez, Sharana, Asadabad, Maymana, Mihtarlam, Nili, and Mazar-i-Sharif where is the 4th largest city in Afghanistan. On August 15th, 2021, the Taliban controlled every major city in Afghanistan. This is called the near seizure of the capital Kabul. The Taliban occupied the Presidential Palace after the incumbent President Ashraf Ghani fled to Afghanistan to the United Arab Emirates.
These are the detail of the Taliban's Load to Capture Kabul and Dominate Afghanistan:
After Afghanistan Captured by the Taliban and 2021 Kabul Airport Attack
After the Taliban captured Kabul where is the major city of Afghanistan and President Ashraf Ghani ran away from Afghanistan, Afghan people and US citizens who have been living in Afghanistan gathered around Hamid Karzai International Airport. The evacuation operations between August 14th and 25th were one of the largest airlifts in world history and were called "2021 Kabul Airlift". Between August 14th and 25th, the US military evacuated about 82,300 people from Hamid Karzai International Airport including Afghan people, US citizens who were living in Afghanistan, Special Immigrant Visa applicants, and other vulnerable Afghans. Over 123,000 people were airlifted on US large military transport aircraft between August 14th and August 31st. On August 16th, Taliban spokesman, Mohammad Naeem stated in an interview with Al Jazeera that the war in Afghanistan was over and the Taliban achieved what they wanted and will not allow Afghanistan's territory to be used against anyone, nor do they want to harm anyone. On August 23rd, Taliban spokesperson Suhail Shaheen described that the Taliban was unwilling to extend the 31 August deadline for retreatment of the US military from Afghanistan. Then, the biggest terrorist attack in the world occurred in 2021. On August 26th, a suicide bombing took place at Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul, Afghanistan at 17:50 local time during the evacuation from Afghanistan. At least 183 were murdered including 170 Afghan people and 13 US militaries. It was Islamic State Khorasan Province or IS-KP which carried this suicide bombing out, claimed responsibility, and named the bomber Abdul Rahman Al Logari. The Taliban fought against IS-KP previously.
These are the details of After Afghanistan was Captured by the Taliban and 2021 Kabul Airport Attack:
By the way, the 2021 Airport Attack caused "FJB".
This is the detail of "FJB":
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